Water to houses



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1'.

' A. CAMPBELL.

MEA-NS FOR SUPPLYING WATER T0 HOUSES. No. 269,156. Patented Dec. 12, 1882.

Ti 9: l

' WITNESSES I ./Z i

. INVENTDR N PETERS, Photo-Llihogrlphur, mm o. a

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A. CAMPBELL.

MEANS FOR SUPPLYING WATER T0 HOUSES.

1 .156. Patented Dec.12, 1882.

ma v u I f 7 I e 7 s o v WITNESSES: INVENTOR:

I M s Zi rfris Attorneys,

N, FEYERs. Pholo-Lilhognphu. Wanin tqn/RC.

, UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ANDREW CAMPBELL, or BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

MEANS FOR SUPPLlYlNG WATER TO HOUSES."

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 269,156, dated December 12, 1882. I Application filed April 10, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANDREW CAMPBELL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, Kings count-y, New York, have invented certain Improvements in Means for Supplying Water to Houses, of which the following is a specification.

This invention, in its broadest significance, relates to means for supplying water to an elevated reservoir or point from a fountainhead or source below. said point, either wholly or partially through the medium of a headof waste water-as the waste water from a house so supplied, for example. The waste water drives a suitable motor, which motor in turn drives a pump, which pumps up the Water;

or in some cases where there is an excess of water from the fountain-head I may employ a compound motor and pump, and utilize some portion of the water supplied to pump up water to a greater elevation than the fountainhead. This may be necessary Where only a portion of the waste water can be utilized in the motor. The pistons of the motor and pump or pumps may be of the same diameter or of different diameters, to suit the exigencies of the case. The principal feature of the invention lies in the utilization of a head of waste water to raise water above the fountainhead or source. As herein described, my invention is shown as applied tothe plumbing of houses in cities where the pressure in the water-mains isnot sufficient to raise the water to the upper floor orffloors, and in its application to this purpose I will now describeigwith reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 isa sectional elevation of a house arranged to show the system of pipes, the pump, and the various reservoirs. Fig. 2 is a detached View, enlarged and in section, showing the automatic cut-oft valve. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of same on line 3 3 in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a cross-section of an improved basin cock for the upper floors.

Let A represent the cellar, B the basement story, 0 the parloror first story, 1) the second story, E the third story, and F the fourth story, of an ordinary dwelling-house or other structure.

G is the water-service pipe from the streetwater to the pipe H. All of these may be, in

general, arranged in the usual way.

L is a storage-reservoir arranged at the level to which the pressure in the main will raise,

the water under the best conditions. In the present instance this is arranged in the story D. This reservoir is connected with the service'pipe bya pipe, M, provided with a checle valve, 0.

I N is a pump, which is driven by the waste water collected in a reservoir, 0, arranged in the floor of the story D, as shown. P, leads from this reservoir to the pump, and

the pipe H.

In the upper story, F, is arranged a supplyreservoir, R, and a. pipe, S, leads from the discharge part of the pump to this reservoir,

A p p while a pipe, T, leads from the pipe M, above the valve 0, to the receiving-port of the pump. The several basins, U U. discharge their waste water through pipes V V into the reservoir 0.

So far as described, the operation is as follows: The waste water hasa head of, say, twenty-eight feet, which is utilized to force the water from the level of the reservoir L to reservoir R, in doing which it must overcomea head of, say, twenty feet. This leaves a margin of eight feet to overcome friction. I give these figures as an approximation to actual practice. They may be varied to suit the exigencies of each particular case. It is immaterial how high above the pump the reservoir L may be arranged. The column of water in pipe M T will balance the column in pipe S up to the reservoir I! whatever the height may be. In this case it is represented as thirty six feet. Nor does it matter at what height the reservoir 0 may be placed so long as sufficient head is obtained. If placed in the floor of story F, the column of water in pipe P would more nearly balance the column in pipe S. Indeed, in high flats it may be desirable to have waste Water reservoirs on several of the upper floors to connect independently with the motor; or

an exhaust-pipe, Q, leads from the pump to r separate motors and pumps may be employed. In order to counterbalance the loss of wastewater from closets which cannot pass through the motor, I may employ a pump having a piston of larger diameter than the motor-piston, and employ a high-level reservoir for the waste water to make up the deficiency.

In cities where my system of supply will be required the water rises at night to a greater heightthan during the day, and in consequence the reservoir L may be arranged to fill at night; or it may be arranged at such a height that it will be filled when the pressure in the main is at themean.

I will now describe the method of supplying the various cocks and faucets on the several floors, premising that the basement or kitchen floor is supplied directly from the service-pipe Gr, while the upper floors are supplied from the reservoir R. The reservoir L does not directly supply the cocks; but it can be arranged to do so when a necessity arises for using water below its level.

W is the kitchen-boiler, supplied by pipe d; and X is a kitchen-sink supplied with cold water by pipe e and hot water by pipefthrough automatic cut-offs g and g, which will be referred to more particularly hereinafter. The basins U and U are supplied with cold water by pipe Y from reservoir R at cocks h and h. As these two basins are provided alike, it will only be necessary to describe one, and I will say here that the bath-tub (not shown for lack of space) is or may be provided in the-same way as the basins. The pipe Y connects, by cross-pipes i i, with a pipe, G, that forms a continuation of the service-pipe Gr. The purpose ofthis will be explained hereinafter. Hot water is supplied to the basins by a pipe, Z, and branch pipes j j, which connect with the hot-water cocks k in.

Before proceeding to give the rationale by which the basins on the upper floors are supplied with hot water, it will be necessary to refer to the enlarged views of the automatic cutofi, Figs. 2 and 3, and the enlarged view of the hot-water-basin cock. (Shown in Fig. 4.) The purpose of these is to enable'the occupants of upper floors to get hot water despite the kitchen-cocks, and to enable them to get hot water from the boiler W through the head or pressure from reservoir R.

Referring, then, to Figs. 2 and 3, l is the barrel ofacut-ofi -g, for example-which is tapped by a lateral branche, for example. This barrel has an enlargement, l, and may be divided (for convenience of construction) at a point in this enlargement, as shown. Within the bar- 'rel l is formed a shoulder, m, on which is seated an open cylinder, n, which fits the bore of the barrel at that point, and is rigidly connected by a stem, 0, with a piston,p, of larger diameter, which also fits an enlarged section of the barrel. This piston 1) has a guide-stem, q, which passes through a guide, q, and a light spring, 1, around the said stem, serves to keep the cylinder at pressed down to its seat. The water from the service-pipe enters at arrow 1, and if the pipe is closed beyond thecut-off the Water will flow through cylinder n and out through c at arrow 2; but if the pipe be open beyond the cut-off the position of the parts will be changed, the pressure will be relieved beyond the piston 19, and it will be moved upward or on until the cylinder n is drawn over the opening into the passage 0 and that out let is cut off. The piston then moves on until it passes into the enlargement Z, when the water will be free to flow in at arrow 1, around the piston, and out at arrow 3. The further movement ot'the piston is arrested by a stop, 1

To equalize the pressure on cylinder at when it is operating to close outlet 0, I prefer to form an annular enlargement, s, in the barrel opposite said outlet, as shown.- The tension of the spring r must be properly proportioned to the pressure of water in the pipes, in order that the cut-0E may operate properly, as will be readily understood; and in order that the spring may readily return the cylinder to its seat, I provide the pistonp with a small hole, t, (indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2;) or the piston may be made to fit somewhat loosely in the barrel. Care should be taken that the cylinder n cuts elf the outlet 6 before the piston 19 passes into the enlargement l, or the current of water will be divided and flow part toward arrow 2 and part toward arrow 3.

The function of this device is to enable the occupants of upper floors to draw water at all times despite the openings of cocks in the kitchen. In fact, it automatically cuts off the water in the kitchen whenever hot water is being drawn on the upper floors.

Fig. 4 shows a hot-water cock, as k, for example. The stem 10, nozzle to, and plug a, have an internal channel, to, which connects, when the plug is properly turned, with the hot-water service-pipe Z through the branch j.

This is the ordinary construction, so far as described, in such cocks. The plug a has, however, a cross bore or channel, to, which serves, when water is being drawn, to open communication through the cold-water branch pipe t. When the plug is turned this iscut off. The view in Fig.4 shows the hot water turned on at the cock, and the branch '5 is open. Now communication is open from reservoir B, through pipes Y, 11, G, G, and d, to the boiler W, and thence through pipe Zj to the cock is. The pressure of the cold-water column from reservoir R will close check-valve b and react through pipe at on the contents of the boiler W. The flow of water through pipes at and Z will move the pistonsp in cut-offs g and g and cut off both hot and cold water at the sink X. When the hot water is again out off at cook it, communication is stopped through cold-water pipe 6, and the pistons in cut-offs g and 9 again settle back, and pipes e andfare opened to the service-pipe and boiler, respectively.

The reservoir is by preference provided with a screen arranged over the outlet of pipe P, to prevent rubbish or sediment from getting into the pump engine, and it may also be provided with a man-hole, whereby access can be had to said screen. Ialso connect this reservoir with the main waste-pipe I by means of a trapped overflow-pipe, w.

To prevent any injurious overflow or pressure, and to provide a proper outlet and inlet for the air in the reservoirs L and R, I provide a pipe, A, which connects with these reservoirs and extends out over the roof, where its outlet will be closed hermetically by a floating valve, y. Any excess of water in the reservoir R will overflov into this pipe and fill reservoir L, and then close said pipe by lifting valve '1 whereby any overflow or waste will be avoided. The air may enter freely when the valve y falls. I provide the eaves-trough J with a priming-well, z, and lead a pipe, at, from this well to the reservoir 0. The downspout K extends up into this well, as shown,

. and all the water that can be carried away by the pipea will be borne away beforeany can flow into the spoutK. Should there .be any excess, however, it. will flow away through the down spout. 1n rainy weather the flow of pure water through the reservoir 0 and the pump-engine will have a tendency to keep them clean.

The engine connected with and forming part of the pump may be of any kind suitable for the purpose. I have not deemed it necessary to show any particnlar'kind, as these engines and pumps are well known.

I do not wish to claim broadly the application of a pump as a means for raising water to a higher level than the source from which it is taken, as that iswell known, (we have an example of it in the Fairmount Water Works of Philadelphia;) but I do wish to claim the utilization of the waste water, either alone or in connection with a head of pure water, for this purpose, as set forth in the foregoing specification, and as defined in the claims following.

tor-engine to drive the pump, arranged to receive and be operated by a head of waste waterfrom above the fountain-head, substantially as set forth.

2. As a means for raising water in houses to a higher level than is due to the pressure in the main, the combination of a storage-reservoir, L, connected with the service-pipe, a

I pump supplied from said reservoir, a supplyreservoir, R, connected with and arranged to be supplied by the pump, a waste-reservoir, O, and a water-motor supplied from reservoir 0, and arranged to drive the pump, said reser- I voir 0 being arranged at. a greater height above the motor than the reservoir R is above the reservoir L, substantially as set forth.

3. The means for supplying hot-water to the upper floors of abuilding, which consists of an elevated supply-reservoir arranged above the level dueto the pressure or head in the main, the service-pipe provided with the checkvalve,a pipe connecting said reservoir with the service-pipe beyond the check-valve, a

ice-pipe beyond the check-valve, a hot-water pipe from the boiler to the cock, and said cock arranged below the supply-reservoir, all combined and arranged substantially as set forth. 4. The means for cutting off the supply of water in the kitchen when hot wateris being drawn on the floors above, which consists ofau elevated supply-reservoir, the service-pipe provid ed with a check-valve, a pipe to connect the service-pipe with said reservoir, a boiler ar ranged to receive water from the service-pipe beyond the check-valve, a hot-water pipe from the boiler to the cock on the upper floor, the said cock, an automatic cut-off, constructed substantially as described, arranged in the hotwater pipe, and arranged to cutoff the supply of hot and cold water to thekitchen when communication is established between the supplyreservoir and the main, and means for cutting off and establishing at will such communication, all combined and arranged substantially as set forth.

5.The combination, with the elevated supof the said service-pipe provided with acheckvalve, the boiler connected with the servicewater pipe from the boiler to a cock and having fixed in itanautomaticcut-ofl,constructed to operate as described, and the hot-watercock constructed and arranged'to open communication between the boiler and theelevated reservoir simultaneously with the turningon of the hot water, substantially as set forth.

6. The hot-water cock, comprising stem 10, nozzle to, and plug 0), said plug beingprovided with the hot-water channel to and the crosschannel or bore w, in combination with the hot-water branch pipej and the cold-water branch pipe i, all constructed and arranged to operate substantially as and for the purposes set forth. v

7. The automatic cut-oft, comprising the barrel l, having a-lateral branch, 6, and an enlargement, 1, the cylinder a, coupled to the piston p, and the said piston provided with a guidestem and spring, all, constructed, combined, andarranged to operate substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

' ANDREW CAMPBELL.

- Witnesses: 1

HENRY GoNNEr'r, ARTHUR O. FRASER.

pipe beyond the check-valve therein, the hot-.

boiler arranged to receive water from the servply-reservoir connected with the service-pipe, 

